Tragedy of the Commons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tragedy of the Commons - Essay Example (Emission Facts 2011) Environment Impact–a Tragedy of Commons Global warming is one of such effect that has caused due to uninterrupted and prolific consumption of fossil fuel by developed countries for last several decades. The effects of which is now being faced by low lying countries due to rising sea levels and getting large part of their land area submerged in sea. John Vidal (2009) reports, â€Å"Migration is the only escape from rising tides of climate change in Bangladesh†. He reports the situation has changed in the last 20 years. The people of Bangladesh have lost their farmland and many of them have lost their homes. There is no fish in the river and drinking water has become salty. A few years from now many villages will submerge in the sea water. On the other side of Bay of Bengal in India the sea level is rising fast and more than 70,000 people at the Indian coast will required to be evacuated in next 5 years. These people are suffering the tragedy of glob al warming for which they are not at all responsible as their economic conditions have always been at margin and they have never been a part of any industrial revolution in true sense to get any benefit. (Vidal, 2009) In another dispatch from Jowit (2010) in Guardian speaks about the environmental damage caused by the world's largest 3000 companies the cost of which is equivalent to the one-third of their profits when the damage done by them is computed into financial terms. The issue is that none of these companies is made to pay for the loss on environment that has created the loss of freshwater, fisheries, and the huge pollution that they have created. Trucost, a London based firm has estimated that the combined damage is worth more than... The researcher states that Hardin was right, when he said that the issues that fall under ‘Tragedy of Commons’ have no easy solutions to them today. In fact, it asks for change in human behavior and attitudes. In the case of climate change solutions lie at two fronts, that are technical and behavioral. Technical solution lies in using the energy that do not produce the green house gases, such as wind and solar energy, using the energy in an efficient manner, capturing and storing the carbon dioxide gas. The researcher states that the biggest issue is the green house gases, that is usually generated by these companies that have caused the climate change in all parts of the world. The social impact it has caused due to migration of people from their homeland to other parts within and outside their country. People use large cars that consume high amount of gas creating more green house gases because they think they can afford it but when more people behave in this fashion t he environment impact to the society is large, just like the single herdsman thinking who adds one more cattle to the field to get the benefit passing the loss to other herdsman. It is obvious today, that the benefit goes to the large companies at the cost of others. Hardin has employed the word coercion to direct the individual behavior to attain any societal or environmental goals. In conclusion, the researcher mentiones that in the case of environment too, Hardin’s approach of coercion is a need of time and should be employed rigorously.

Evaluate the risk exposure to commercial bank whilst they endeavour to Essay

Evaluate the risk exposure to commercial bank whilst they endeavour to maximize their revenues within profitable lending - Essay Example It is the most common risk experienced by banks in lending. It occurs when customers are unable to meet their obligations, fall due and causes the bank to suffer a loss. Different bank transactions that cause the credit risk may result from the lending made to the governments, individuals, and companies. Second, it may result from lending money in exchange for security bonds. Commercial banks also exchange lending with shares, swaps, trade finance transactions, and other items. The probability of risk increased due to the different items that may cause the credit risk. The risk increase in the event, the bank fails to evaluate the customer credit worthiness. It is more probable to lose a huge sum of money when commercial banks offer huge loans to customers without proper credit rating. The risk results from market rate fluctuations. Normally, the banks allow customers to deposit money in the bank at a certain rate. Subsequently, banks give out the money in the form of loans at a rate higher than the one paid to depositors. Commercial banks risk a loss when the government control lowers the lending interest rates. If the lending interest’s rates decrease below the interest rate provided to depositor’s commercial banks may experience difficulties paying back the money to the depositors. The probability and the severity of loss increase when the government exercises serious controls in the monetary market. The interest rate risk affects the currents earnings of a firm and the present value of the future cash flows due to changes in the interest factor value. The depositors in a bank may withdraw their deposits from the bank any time as long as they do not violate the terms agreed. At the same time, the bank may offer huge sums of loan against few deposits made by customers. In case the customers decide withdraw their deposits, the funds will be unavailable. The liquidity risk is the probability that the bank will

The Developing Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Developing Manager - Essay Example Ð °rds on the bÐ °sis of group pÐ °rticipÐ °tion Ð °nd involvement in such Ð °reÐ °s Ð °s setting goÐ °ls Ð °nd Ð °pprÐ °ising progress towÐ °rd goÐ °ls, engÐ °ge in much communicÐ °tion both down Ð °nd up Ð °nd with peers, encourÐ °ge decisionmÐ °king throughout the orgÐ °nizÐ °tion, Ð °nd otherwise operÐ °te Ð °mong themselves Ð °nd with their subordinÐ °tes Ð °s Ð ° group. My orgÐ °nizÐ °tion Ð °pplies neither of in-Ð °bove described styles. It is rÐ °ther something in the middle of exploitive – Ð °uthoritÐ °tive Ð °nd pÐ °rticipÐ °tive-group which cÐ °n be referred to Ð °s consultÐ °tive. MÐ °nÐ °gers within my orgÐ °nizÐ °tion hÐ °ve substÐ °ntiÐ °l but not complete confidence Ð °nd trust in subordinÐ °tes, usuÐ °lly try to mÐ °ke use of subordinÐ °tes ideÐ °s Ð °nd opinions, use rewÐ °rds for motivÐ °tion with occÐ °sionÐ °l punishment Ð °nd some pÐ °rticipÐ °tion, engÐ °ge in communicÐ °tion flow both down Ð °nd up, mÐ °ke broÐ °d policy Ð °nd generÐ °l decisions Ð °t the top while Ð °llowing specific decisions to be mÐ °de Ð °t lower levels Ð °nd Ð °ct consultÐ °tively in other wÐ °ys. CommunicÐ °tion is the process of sending Ð °nd receiving informÐ °tion or communicÐ °tion with Ð °nother person. In Ð ° simplistic form, informÐ °tion is sent from Ð ° sender or encoder to Ð ° receiver or decoder. In Ð ° more complex form feedbÐ °ck links Ð ° sender to Ð ° receiver. This requires Ð ° symbolic Ð °ctivity, sometimes viÐ ° Ð ° lÐ °nguÐ °ge. CommunicÐ °tion development is the development of processes enÐ °bling one to understÐ °nd whÐ °t others sÐ °y (or sign, or write) Ð °nd speÐ °k(or sign, or write), trÐ °nslÐ °te sounds Ð °nd symbols into meÐ °ning Ð °nd leÐ °rn the syntÐ °x of the lÐ °nguÐ °ge. CommunicÐ °tion is bÐ °sed on the ideÐ ° of respect, promises Ð °nd the wÐ °nt for sociÐ °l improvement. NonverbÐ °l communicÐ °tion deÐ °ls with fÐ °ciÐ °l expressions Ð °nd body motions. 93% of â€Å"emotionÐ °l meÐ °ning† we tÐ °ke from other people is found in the person’s fÐ °ciÐ °l expressions Ð °nd tone of voice, the other 7% is tÐ °ken from whÐ °t the person Ð °ctuÐ °lly sÐ °ys (More

Islam and Muslims in the western Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islam and Muslims in the western Media - Essay Example Muslim community sees western Media as a representative of America and its European friendly member countries as enemies by and large. Although there have been independent Muslim bodies like the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB), which is although not an incorporated association, founded in 1997 yet one can fathom its importance when its Secretary General, Iqbal Sacranie was awarded a knighthood in the 2005 Queen’s Birthday Honours List for the services he rendered to the Muslim community and inter-religious talks. In this regard, it is worth noting the comments of Sunny Hundal, editor of Asians in Media – an online media and current affairs magazine – â€Å"Dump the media circus,† instigating media not to propagate the boycott of MCB on Holocaust Memorial, explaining "The MCB actually enjoys this controversy and the stance it takes because it helps maintain credibility with extremist supporters who think everything is a big 'Zionist conspiracy'ï â€º....ï  It also diverts attention from their own lack of power and influence". On the other hand, the Islamic world due to its poor performance in foresight and clarity of thought becomes a soft target by western journalists although vast population and natural resources of Islamic countries are quite enough to make them a formidable world power. In his book – Islam In the Age of Western Media – Akbar S Ahmed writes on Islam And The West: Confrontation or Consensus? – blaming western media of labeling Islamic countries as â€Å"an arc of crisis† or â€Å"an Islamic crescent of crisis,† referring it as a â€Å"journalistic clichà ©Ã¢â‚¬ . This enmity of western media towards Islamic world gives a negative impression of two so-called infamous â€Å"Oriental prejudices† as called by Akbar S Ahmed, namely instable political scenario and ill-treatment of women in Islam by its male counterparts.

Do you agree the impossibility of measuring the size of ecological Essay

Do you agree the impossibility of measuring the size of ecological footprints accurately undermines the idea of ecological citizenship - Essay Example rol the rate of individual man’s exploitation of natural resources, but the question that arises in this context is: can the ecological footprint support and incorporate corporate citizenship or does it actually undermine it? This study examines whether and to what extent, the ecological footprint can contribute towards environmental sustainability and how far it promotes or undermines a spirit of ecological citizenship. The co-creator of the concept of ecological footprint is Mathis Wackermagel, who in an interview, pointed out that there must be some degree of relative parity in the use of Earth’s resources among individuals from different parts of the planet.1 The ecological footprint offers a measurable tool that can determine how much of land and water resources humans need in order to be able to produce the resources they use and to absorb the wastes they generate, and this has been pegged at a footprint of 4.5 acres per person. But in the United States, the average size of this footprint is much larger, i.e, about 24 acres, which suggests that the average American citizen uses up much more than his or her fair share of the resources of the Planet.2 An ecological footprint may be defined as a â€Å"measurement of the land area required to sustain a population of any size.†3 Wackernagel, the co-creator of the ecological footprint, has defined it as â€Å"the land (and water) area that would be required to support a defined human population and material standard indefinitely.†4 Every individual uses certain basic amenities such as food, electricity and other basic amenities in order to survive and these resources need to be derived within the constraints of nature by using raw natural resources. An ecological footprint thus seeks to determine the amount of both land and water resources that must be used by every individual in order to sustain a population of any size over a future continuous period, with such an assessment being made on the basis of the

American Idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Idea - Essay Example This disposable culture is the latest and greatest American contribution to history. But it is also true that it does not provide any alternative form of storage. This has led to a lot of instability. Consider finding a library under the earth due to some natural calamity, we could still have access to the books once the repairs are done but what would be the state of the computer related memory storage systems such as memory sticks,CDs etc.We will have absolutely no access to these regardless of how much storage space they hold. If any one has committed any wrong act, the person is punished. And hence there is justice for all. But in spite of this rule, there have been so many loop holes and there have been instances where evil minded people, smugglers and other criminals who get away with their wrong doings. Independence/freedom is the core value which is given most importance in this world. Everyone wants freedom and independence which is good and will definitely boost up ones positive attitude. But this freedom is also misused in several ways. Children who are so young become victims to so many criminal activities such as taking drugs, becoming alcoholics or chain smokers which are very harmful to health all just because they have the freedom to do what they want. It fosters an excessive individualism, an unfettered reliance on markets, and an unrelenting distrust of government - each of which impedes our capacity to address urgent societal problems. We adapt to change while remaining anchored to core values. Change is inevitable and people believe it only because of adapting to change we have grown so far. And America leads the way here as well.Globalization, terrorism, resource scarcity, consumerism and technological advances are among the forces that test economical and political institutions and our values. An information free-for-all makes it hard to discover truth and distinguish between the significant and the trivial. And hence a bunch of fighters arise over a bunch of people who should fell like one big family and work towards destroying the world rather than creating harmony. The biggest challenge facing the American idea is how to anchor enduring values in this time of rapid and discordant change. Religious and cultural norms of a simpler past seem unable to secure shared values in the complex present. Future: It is certainly very difficult to find a place characterized by justice and freedom, but if the future has to be better than what it's been all this while, America must be the role model for the rest of the world. As regards moral leadership, America stands first in helping and leading her own country and also some of the other suffering countries. This idea may not be true in every sense but we must strive towards the achievement of the same as it is the only hope for freedom in the world which every human being strives for at the end of the day. America means development, liberty, justice and equal opportunity for all. And hence this idea of America should be

Values and Meaning of Attending College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Values and Meaning of Attending College - Essay Example In contrast to an individualist purpose for attending college, Boyer believes the college has an obligation to teach â€Å"a more coherent view of knowledge and a more integrated life† (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 18). In addition, he warns that we must be â€Å"mindful of the consequences of selfishness† (p. 18). Boyer does not provide a defense of individualism, even though he says it is â€Å"necessary† (p. 18). Instead, Boyer relies only on his defense of community in making his case for two essential goals. The problem is that Boyer does not actually believe in individualism when he claims colleges have an obligation (or duty) to enforce this idea of a more â€Å"coherent† or â€Å"integrated† life. A perspective that believes in individuals to develop their own views on knowledge or life would advocate for an obligation or duty for colleges to present knowledge to students and to allow them to form their own judgments. The purpose, or g oal, of college is not to give students a passage, but rather to present facts and objective information. A â€Å"passage† sounds inherently biased toward whatever values the college seeks to supply their students with. While this kind of education—such as that provided by Christian private colleges—has a demand, but that demand is specific and does not represent the general purpose of college. Indeed, having students personally powered and committed to the common good is potentially valuable, but not if that commitment undermines their autonomy. The result of Boyer’s perspective is clearly laid out by Perkinson in his essay â€Å"The Educated Person: A Changing Ideal,† specifically in his treatment of John Dewey and socialization (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 36). Dewey and pragmatist philosophers advocated schools as tools for producing intelligent decision-makers in a participant democracy. In reality, what this meant was that loyal citize ns coming out of public schools were not â€Å"leaders, but functionaries† (p. 36). Everyone coming out of schools was equipped with common values, beliefs, and attitudes serving the American status quo. Economically, every child was prepared to accept his or her role as a cog in a production system. This is the logical result of the kind of solution that Boyer seeks by telling colleges that they have an obligation to teach their students how to be members of a community. However, Boyer and Dewey have been influential enough to change American education at their core. One can see this influence even in our Brandman catalog, which withholds degrees from students who have not completed the sometimes-irrelevant education requirements. The opposite perspective—that we ought to be honoring the role of the individual in education—is borne out by Whitehead in â€Å"Universities and their Function† (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 38). Whitehead locates the â €Å"proper function of a university† in â€Å"the imaginative acquisition of knowledge† (p. 39). Imagination is an individual ability and does not depend on a community. When one looks around a college classroom, one does not see a group of people engaged in the attempt to better their community through the process of learning. While Boyer would think this is a problem, Whitehead is more concerned with whether individuals are involved in an imaginative acquisition of knowledge. The imaginative pursuit of knowledge, one would suspect, might lead to an individual developing his own