Animal Cruelty The Dangers Of Animal Welfare - 914 Words

Animal welfare is a troubling ongoing argument in today’s society. The suffering inflicted on animals by people is disheartening. Animal welfare doesn’t only pertain to an animal’s physical state but also to its psychological well-being. â€Å"An animal is in a good state of welfare if it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behavior† (Animal Welfare, 2017). However, this is not the case in many establishments. Animals are suffering from pain, fear, and most commonly, distress. It is the responsibility of the caretakers to ensure animals have the proper care at all times. Putting an animal’s welfare at risk not only increases the susceptibility of disease but can result in criminal action. Animal welfare is not†¦show more content†¦Their owner had left them alone for three months. (Daily Mail, 2010). Tragedies like this one are just one of many. Also, owners are failing to treat their pets for fleas and illn esses. Flea infestation gets so bad that animals are losing their hair or possibly dying. Lastly, house pets are abandoned by their owners and are often kept in confinement. According to Osborne (as cited by Winter, 2016), â€Å"Every day his inspectors face cases where animals have been left abandoned in fields, dumped in boxes, left for dead on the sides of roads and even left outside animal centers and hospitals.† Homes are just one place where animals are susceptible to abuse and unfortunately may not be the worst. Many different kinds of species are used all over the world in laboratories for animal testing, animal experimentation, and animal research. Yes, animal testing may be contributing to a greater cause, but by no means should they have to be tortured during the process; however, this is not the case in many laboratories. Animals are burned, shocked, starved, and inflicted with diseases without any form of numbing medication. According to McKay (2017), â€Å"Ther e are more than 115 million mammals that suffer and die each year.† These poor animals are not just suffering from physical effects either. They are enduring long-term mental effects such as drug addictions, high levels of stress, and are living in a constant state of fear for their lives. The only thing they know is pain andShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty Is Not Defined The Same By All People1132 Words   |  5 PagesWriting to Solve a Problem: Animal Cruelty Cruelty to animals is not defined the same by all people. Cruelty encompasses physical and mental harm. By definition, any action that causes physical or mental harm to an animal would be considered cruel. The blanket opinion is most often unanimous, cruelty to animals must cease, there then begins the differing of opinions. The determination of what is considered acceptable treatment of animals, and what is considered cruel treatment has been dissectedRead MoreThe Harsh Reality Of Animal Cruelty1512 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 12 CP 2 May 2016 The Harsh Reality of Animal Cruelty Humanity would not be what it is today if it were not for animals. Humans beings owe a great deal to animals, not only have they been a source of food and clothing, in addition animals have been used more for medical experiments. For thousands of years, they have served as a labor force, pulling wagons, plows, chariots, and early fire engines (Marzilli). Humans have taken advantage of animals and used them for selfish reasons and are beingRead MoreEssay about Born to Be Wild1120 Words   |  5 Pagesyou see rare animals which you may expect to see in wildlife, but you see them in someone’s backyard instead? These are similar to what people do when they keep exotic animals as their pets. Firstly, exotic pets are rare or unusual animals which are not native to the country, but kept in captivity within human households. These animals are generally considered as a wild species, and are not typically kept as pets. According to Born Free USA, a nonprofit organization dedicated in a nimal protection,Read MoreThe Effects Of Animal Testing Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Animal Testing Animal testing is by far, inhumane and downright unacceptable. 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However, various demands must be met in order to keep up with the growing consumership, and one of the most controversial topics contributing to the successRead MoreEssay about Animals Must Be Protected919 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals Must Be Protected Animals are in many ways the same as human beings. We consider them our best freind, sibling, child, or to put it simply, we view them as being part of our family. For example, my parents have a a Pekingese puppy, whom I identify and treat as my little brother. I could never imagine what Ide do if anything were to happen to him. For these reasons, I strongly believe in the rights of animals and the need to provide them full protectionfrom violence and danger. Read MoreExotic Animals1518 Words   |  7 PagesAndrea Davis Mrs. Smith ENGL 1101 15 November 2011 Exotic Animals Are More than Just Pets The exotic animal trade is a growing industry in which exotic animals are bred, sold, and traded in massive amounts. Millions of exotic animals are being kept in private residences, small roadside zoos, and traveling wild animal exhibits. Sadly, beautiful and majestic animals are being held captive in unfortunate living conditions. They are being deprived the enrichment and companionship that they requireRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1136 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal experimentation is not the most accurate testing, just because some medicine and cosmetic product pass an animal test it doesn’t mean it has a beneficial effect on humans. Animal tests have evolved in many ways throughout history in negative and positive ways. A strong negative being that we are different from animals but not just animals we are also different from each other. There are many arguments that we humans wouldn’t be where we are today if it wasn’t for reliance on animal tes tingRead MoreAnimal Abuse Cases Essay examples1127 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the world there are many animal abuse cases that increase every year, most cases not even being reported yet. The word animal cruelty gets thrown around a lot and can be categorized into different scenarios and laws. The point of researching animal cruelty is to get the reader to change their perspective on how they view animal cruelty and try to show them that animals need to be heard and helped, animals should have the same rights as human beings and there should be consequences forRead MoreThe History and Purpose of The Animal Rights Movement Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesAs of today PETA is one group that is helping animals in barbaric situation like that of professional research laboratories. In these laboratories, the staff treats animals inhumanly where chemicals are poured onto the animal causing burns and sores. According to answers.com, animal rights are the rights to humane treatment clai med on behalf of animals, especially the right not to be exploited for human purposes. This movement in America traces its roots to the settlers. According to the US History

The Feminist Thought Is Old Enough - 1412 Words

The Feminist thought is old enough to have a history complete with a set of labels: liberals,radical,marxist/socialist, and psychoanalytic ( with the exception of several more). Each school of feminism that’s been considered has offered explanations and solutions for women’s oppression that are rooted either in society’s political and economic structures or in humanbeings’ sexual and reproductive relationships, roles, and practices. Liberal feminists claimed that equipping women with the same rights and opportunities men enjoy may be enough to eliminate gender discrimination. Radical feminists thought otherwise. They insisted that if gender equality is the goal, we must first examine men’s and women’s sexual and reproductive rights and†¦show more content†¦Finally, Marxist and socialist feminists considered that unless capitalist economic structures are terminated, people will continue to be divided into two oppositional classes, the haves and the have-nots, and because of the ways in which capitalism and patriarchy boost each other, women, more than men, will find themselves in the groups of the have-nots. In contrast to liberal, radical, and Marxist/socialist feminists, psychoanalytic feminists sustain that the fundamental explanation for a women’s way of acting is rooted deep in women’s persona, specifically, in a women’s way of thinking about themselves as a women. By no means was Sigmund Freud a feminist, however psychoanalytic feminists have found in his writings pointers about how to better understand the causes and consequences of women’s oppression. Freud’s theories about psychosexual development interrupted his late-nineteenth-century Viennese contemporaries not so much because he addressed traditionally taboo topics, but because he theorized that all sexual â€Å"aberrations,† â€Å"variations,† and â€Å"perversions† are simply stages in the de velopment of normal human sexuality. According to Freud, children go through distinct psychosexual developmental stages, and their gender identity as adults is the result of how well or badly they have weathered this process. Masculinity and femininity are, in other words, the product of sexual

Psychology Child Development

Question: Discuss about the Psychologyfor Child Development. Answer: Introduction As human beings, curiosity tends to drive us to understand the reasons as to why events happen around us. Hence, when we meet someone doing something we tend to try and understand the motive behind this person doing this. Similarly, we also tend to try and understand our experience and behavior in different situations. Therefore, the eagerness and curiosity tends to guide us on how people are different from each other in regards to their aptitude, temperament and intellectual capacity (Heine, 2015). Trying to investigate why a person is happy or sad, why do persons become friendly and develop antagonistic relationship, and why do some people learn quickly that other is what we call psychology. To an ordinary person the answer to his novice tends to be guided by common sense, but, as a psychologist one tends to study reasons behind those activities in a systematic manner meaning that the results attained are scientific and can be tested from time to time (Lamb, 2004). Before diving deep into the context of psychology which we have learnt. Perhaps, providing some definitions of what psychology is may be vital. According to Brinkmann (2014), he argues that psychology is a science where one studies behavior and mental process of a person. He further argues that behavior includes variety of overt actions which include; social interactions, walking and gestures and emotional reactions which could include frowning of laughing. For mental process, it includes thoughts, ideas and also complex aspects used in reasoning that psychologist use in making inferences about mental process through study of behavior. On the other hand, Ormrod (2014) states that psychology tends to differ from common sense because its a science. Rather than observing, psychologist tend to use systematic observations which tend to yield comprehensive theories and also knowledge. Further analysis by Renninger et al (2014) shows that psychology further extends to the investigation of p roblem behaviors such as violence or even drug abuse. In the early days, philosophers discussed many topics which are studied in modern psychology such as free will, memory and attraction. The emergence of American psychologist William James became the birth of psychology as a discipline. In this early days, psychology was studied using two theoretical perspectives which includes; functionalism and structuralism. Functionalism entailed the change in mind which is constant and therefore it would be pointless to search for building blocks of experience. Hence, the suggestion that psychologist should always look for the underlying cause of behavior as well as the mental process being involved. As for structuralism, it relied on the introspection, which was a research where subjects related to what was going on their minds when performing certain activities. Therefore, the idea of psychologist carrying out investigations on the causes and behavior of objective procedures such as measurement, observation and analysis backed up by theories, i nterpretations, and predictions is what makes psychology a discipline (Moore Dunham, 2014). Psychology as a discipline tends to investigate a wide range of phenomenon which ranges from sensation, perception, emotions, motivations, thinking, personality, social behavior, intelligence, mental illness and even child development. Studies done from our class module tends to suggest that academias were cautious when airing the ethical dilemmas faced when conducting their research work, but in the current are this situation seems to be changing. Hence, this makes research and ethics a key part in psychology because it tends to lowers the ethical concerns that are likely to rise from work (Ormrod, 2014). Ethics and research tends to have the following significance in psychology: Ethics and research in psychology prevents psychologist from deceiving their patients. Hence, psychologist can lie to their patients for their own good. But, deception might fall into many different codes ranging from conducting research. For instance. Ethical codes for a psychologist during research prevents him from violating codes of conduct such as deception of patient. Ethically, psychologist are mandated with certain rules and regulations so as to protect the public or even the clients. The existence of this ethical principles is followed not only to protect the psychologist but the interest of the public, families and the client (Inhelder et al, 2014). The existence of ethical codes and research tends to protect the public and also the psychologist from any harm that may arise from mishandling of a situation. It means that the physical, emotional and financial situation is protected within these codes. Ethics and research tends to regulate the behavior and situation being dealt with. Hence, the codes tend to be put in place such that psychologist services are provides without any breach that may cause physical or emotional harm to those receiving the services. Additionally, through the study of psychology over the few years. I have also been able to understand more on specified psychology schools which are prepared to intervene with individuals and systems. Hence, the systems involved must be effectively developed, implemented and correctly evaluated (Paloutzian Park, 2014). Additionally, as a psychologist if I was preparing to participate is school psychology, it would be vital to at least learn some psychological diagnosis, assessment, intervention, prevention and program development which is vital in the school system. In conclusion, based on the above discussion it has been clear to me that psychology includes evaluation of cognitive assessments, there may be also a look at emotions and behavioral concerns, and measurement of adaptive function. Additionally, as a psychologist you tend to provide different services such as counseling, learning difficulties that people experience, engagement in group programs, parental programming and also consultation services. Therefore, as a professional psychologist you should also be dedicated in outstanding and comprehensive services to different groups such as families, schools or even adolescents. References Heine, S. J. (2015).Cultural Psychology: Third International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Lamb, M. E. (Ed.). (2004).The role of the father in child development. John Wiley Sons. Renninger, A., Hidi, S., Krapp, A. (2014).The role of interest in learning and development. Psychology Press. Moore, C., Dunham, P. (2014).Joint attention: Its origins and role in development.Psychology Press. Inhelder, B., Sinclair, H., Bovet, M. (2014).Learning and the Development of Cognition Psychology Revivals). Psychology Press. Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology(pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Ormrod, J. E. (2014).Essentials of educational psychology: Big ideas to guide effective teaching. Pearson Higher Ed. Paloutzian, R. F., Park, C. L. (2014).Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality. Guilford Publications.

Mayo Clinic Paper free essay sample

Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit clinic which helps provide unique care to every individual patient through education, research, and practice. Mayo Clinic’s website provides services such as online office visits, secure messages, medical records, upcoming appointments, online bill pay, prescription refills, and registration updates. Mayo Clinic employs physicians, students, scientists and allied health personnel in order to follow the Clinic’s philosophy of â€Å"the patient comes first† as one of the largest clinics with over 1,700 medical doctors achieving high quality at a low cost (1). Many people have begun venturing online to self-manage their health and are looking for relevant health information to help make decisions. The website is geared towards individuals trying to find out encyclopedic information regarding medical problems. Unlike other medical sites, Mayo Clinic writes all of the company’s own material. Mayo Clinic uses terms which are conversational, precise, straight forward, and sympathetic (2). Mayo Clinic aims to help the customer understand each medical term and writes the material in words that the customer can understand. We will write a custom essay sample on Mayo Clinic Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mayo Clinic’s website also offers opportunities to check appointments, pay bills, and refill prescriptions over the Internet. Customers do not have to leave home in order to gain information or schedule appointments because these tasks can all be done online. The Mayo Clinic has locations in three different states and is one of the best hospitals in the country however due to the limited locations the clinic developed the website to be more available to patients and the general public who may have questions. By creating the website, Mayo Clinic can be of help to many customers who are not within a reasonable range of any of the three clinics. Although the website does not derive revenue for the business because all information provided is free of charge, the information is backed my research and practice by very experienced medical doctors. Mayo Clinic has gained popularity from the health industry by providing simplistic explanations however several other health websites are becoming a close threat. The Mayo Clinic medical directory is easy to use and provides up to date information on diseases and symptoms put together by top notch MD’s on the editorial staff (3). These highly notable disease indexes landed the website a spot in Time Magazine’s â€Å"50 Best Websites 2010†. Mayo Clinic’s original material sets the company apart from other encyclopedic websites like WebMD and Healthline which do not have the simplistic navigation Mayo Clinic offers(4,5). WebMD and Healthline do not offer easy to understand explanations for the diseases listed. Mayo Clinic utilizes over 40% of the company’s resources for research rather than just medical practice. The teams of doctors that are putting together the information on the website are highly skilled in many different areas of medical study. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization and therefore thrives on contributions, grants, and endowments from benefactors around the country (7). Due to this factor the company cannot gain any revenue from the website. All information and service the website provides is free of charge. This is a greats source of business in order to provide help at little to no cost, however if the company used a advertising revenue model, Mayo Clinic could gain profits to build more locations across the country which would bring in more business and availability to patients. Other websites, such as WebMD, have sponsorship agreements which give them more money to apply to medical research in medications, medical devices, therapies, and other products. Mayo Clinic could utilize these sponsorship sources to further the company’s research greatly. Mayo Clinic differs from other hospitals by specializing in hard to treat diseases and puts forth extra research in treating diseases which have gone undiagnosed and un-treated (8). Mayo Clinic has branded and marketed the company as a patient-first hospital. Mayo Clinic effectively reached out to patients and the general public by promoting the tagline, â€Å"The needs of the Patient always come first†. The company has created a positive image and therefore awards such as Fortune’s â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work For†, give the Mayo Clinic free positive advertising to the entire country (7). Mayo Clinic uses this in the market strategy; they also have well established themselves on the internet that if a person were to search â€Å"medical advice† on Google, Mayo Clinic is one the first websites to pop-up on the search results. The Mayo Clinic website has established the company’s image very well, as a not-for-profit company the Mayo Clinic is ranked the 2nd best hospital in the Country. The thorough and extensive research Mayo Clinic utilizes is far more reader-friendly than competitors. Mayo Clinic could improve on the revenue flow the company has, putting advertisements on the website would help medical suppliers and also help raise even more funds for the company. As of now Mayo Clinic is ahead of the pack in research, practice, and medicine but they must keep a positive image in order to retain the patients the company has treated. The website is a great source for practical medical questions and advice. 2 Paul S.

Free Essays on Let America Be America Again

The Minority Perspective on America In the poem "Let America Be America Again," Langston Hughes shows the depressed state America was in during the 1930's. To many in America at this time, the American Dream had escaped their grasp and hopelessness had filled this void. In this poetic expression, the speaker is voices the silent Americans' concern of how America was intended to be, verses what it had become to them, and could aspire to be again. For many this poem expresses the hopelessness that the minorities, women, aged, and those of lower economic statuses faced. This caused the lowering of their hope and added to the problems of the economic depression of the time. The speaker and listener interact with each other throughout the poem. This is seen through the use of such lines as ‘(America never was America to me)’ (line 5). This interaction causes the reader/listener to be pulled in to the feelings of the speaker in the poem. Another issue addressed in this poem is that America is not the ideal to all of its people. The original speaker begins using a four-line stanza. This becomes irregular after the listener responds to the speaker. This indicates the passion felt by both parties and the hopelessness of them as well. This poem also projects urgency in the message, which is the need for equality for all men (women). The listener's response contains the main idea of the piece, showing the differences between the American Dream to the American Reality for those who are victims because of race, (gender), age, or economic status. The author's careful use of alliteration in phrases such as "pushed apart" (line 19), where the p sound is predominate, and "slavery's scars" (line20), where the s sound is predominate, emphasizes the struggles and alienation experienced by less fortunate minority Americans who lived in this time of crisis. The speaker begins the narration by making a statement that America should return to th... Free Essays on Let America Be America Again Free Essays on Let America Be America Again The Minority Perspective on America In the poem "Let America Be America Again," Langston Hughes shows the depressed state America was in during the 1930's. To many in America at this time, the American Dream had escaped their grasp and hopelessness had filled this void. In this poetic expression, the speaker is voices the silent Americans' concern of how America was intended to be, verses what it had become to them, and could aspire to be again. For many this poem expresses the hopelessness that the minorities, women, aged, and those of lower economic statuses faced. This caused the lowering of their hope and added to the problems of the economic depression of the time. The speaker and listener interact with each other throughout the poem. This is seen through the use of such lines as ‘(America never was America to me)’ (line 5). This interaction causes the reader/listener to be pulled in to the feelings of the speaker in the poem. Another issue addressed in this poem is that America is not the ideal to all of its people. The original speaker begins using a four-line stanza. This becomes irregular after the listener responds to the speaker. This indicates the passion felt by both parties and the hopelessness of them as well. This poem also projects urgency in the message, which is the need for equality for all men (women). The listener's response contains the main idea of the piece, showing the differences between the American Dream to the American Reality for those who are victims because of race, (gender), age, or economic status. The author's careful use of alliteration in phrases such as "pushed apart" (line 19), where the p sound is predominate, and "slavery's scars" (line20), where the s sound is predominate, emphasizes the struggles and alienation experienced by less fortunate minority Americans who lived in this time of crisis. The speaker begins the narration by making a statement that America should return to th...

Bio of French Impressionist Painter Boudin

Bio of French Impressionist Painter Boudin Louis Eugà ¨ne Boudins pint-sized paintings may not enjoy the same reputation as the more ambitious works by his star pupil Claude Monet, but their diminutive dimensions should not diminish their significance. Boudin introduced his fellow Le Havre resident to the pleasures of painting en plein air, which decided the future for talented young Claude. In this respect, and although he was technically a key precursor, we may consider Boudin among the founders of the Impressionist movement. Boudin participated in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874, and also exhibited in the annual Salon that year. He did not participate in any subsequent Impressionist exhibitions, preferring instead to stick to the Salon system. It was only in his last decade of painting that Boudin experimented with the broken brushwork for which Monet and the rest of the Impressionists were known. Life The son of a sea captain who settled in Le Havre in 1835, Boudin met artists through his fathers stationery and framing shop, which also sold artists supplies. Jean-Baptiste Isabey (1767-1855), Constant Troyon (1810-1865) and Jean-Franà §ois Millet (1814-1875) would come by and offer the young Boudin advice. However, his favorite art hero at the time was the Dutch landscapist Johan Jongkind (1819-1891). In 1850, Boudin received a scholarship to study art in Paris. In 1859, he met Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) and poet/art critic Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867), who took an interest in his work. That year Boudin submitted his work to the Salon for the first time and was accepted. Beginning in 1861, Boudin divided his time between Paris during the winter and the Normandy coast during the summer. His small canvases of tourists on the beach received respectable attention and he often sold these quickly painted compositions to the people who had been captured so effectively. Boudin loved to travel and set out for Brittany, Bordeaux, Belgium, Holland and Venice quite often. In 1889 he won a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle and in 1891 he became a knight of the Là ©gion dhonneur. Late in life Boudin moved to the south of France, but as his health deteriorated he chose to return to Normandy to die in the region that launched his career as one of the maverick plein-air painters of his era. Important Works: On the Beach, Sunset, 1865The Nurse/Nanny on the Beach, 1883-87Trouville, View Taken from the Heights, 1897 Born: July 12, 1824, Trouville, France Died: August 8, 1898, Deauville, France

Should drugs and steroids be legalized in professional sports Research Paper

Should drugs and steroids be legalized in professional sports - Research Paper Example III. Negative Effects of Steroid Use. (i) Risks for the human body (ii) Risks for Men (iii) Risks for Women IV. Steroids in College Athletics and Professional Sports (i) Reasons for steroids use (ii) Testing for Steroid Use (iii) Incidents in the lives of Professional Athletes as a result of Steroid Use V. Steroid Use in the Adolescent Population (i) The "Hero Factor" (ii) Peer Pressure (iii) Risks for Teenagers who abuse steroids VI. Conclusion Ways of discouraging steroid use Name Professor Module Date Should Drugs and Steroids be legalized in Professional Sports? INTRODUCTION Eitzen, Stanley, & George, Sage. Sociology of North American Sport 7th Edition. California: McGraw Hill, 2003. Anabolic steroids refer to group molecules that contain synthetic analogs of testosterone as well as the authentic male sex hormone, testosterone. In the present sports scene, many athletes use anabolic steroids in order to build up on muscle mass. The history of the use of steroids goes back to the 1930s. Steroids first appeared in World War 2 when they were developed for the German army and legalized so that German soldiers could use them to be more destructive in war. After the war, American as well as European doctors often used steroids to take care of blood disorders such as anemia. Today, most steroids are utilized in veterinary medicine in the production of meat. Steroids help in building more muscle in lean beef cattle. Steroids are also used to generate muscle mass in race dogs and horses. According to this Sage and Fitzen, there is evidence to suggest that there are more than 3,000,000 standard anabolic steroid users in America even though they have not been legalized. Most of these users procure anabolic steroids through illegal means. ... Most of these users procure anabolic steroids through illegal means. According to these authors, who have comprehensively addressed different issues concerning the use of anabolic steroids, it is mainly the healthy athletes who turn to steroids in order to improve their already amazing performances in sports. The colloquial name for steroids, by which it is commonly referred in the streets, is ‘juice’ or ‘roids’. Benefits of Steroid Usage Assael, Shaun. Steroid Nation: Juiced Home Run Totals, Anti-aging Miracles and a Hercules in Every High School: The Secret History of America's True Drug Addiction. New York: ESPN, 2007. According to Assael, who has given a graphic account of the extent of steroid abuse among teenagers as well as professional athletes, steroids are not just the preference of athletes in sports that value a ragged physique (Assael 93). Some male and female athletes in different sports fields such as weightlifters, body builders, football pla yers, baseball players, runners, tennis players, basket ballers and swimmers have in the past used steroids to enhance their performances. In the present sports culture where many sport’s body’s have began to institute regulations that call for regular testing of athletes in order to counter steroid use, there are many tests that athletes in competitions like the Olympics have to undergo. This has not been successful in lessening steroid use, but has simply served to cause athletes to come up with more ingenious ways of ingesting steroids. By imitating the anabolic impact of testosterone, athletes believe that steroids help in generating additional tissues, contributes towards muscle recovery when they experience injuries in the field and

The Industrial Revolution Refer to side notes below Essay

The Industrial Revolution Refer to side notes below - Essay Example The so-called Industrial Revolution was indeed one of the most transformative events in human history. Starting in a small area of England and then spreading through the country, on to the rest of Europe and hence to much of the world, the growth in industrial methods of production would have profound influence upon lives throughout the world. While there is virtually unanimous agreement on the influence of the changes that occurred, there is more debate upon their causes and how they should be characterized. Those that affirm the "revolution" aspect of this industrial change concentrate upon the rapidity of development and the influence of individual men such as Thomas Watt and his steam engine. Historians who criticize such characterizations claim that the industrial change occurred in a more complex manner. The exact causes and even dates of the Industrial Revolution have been constantly debated by historians, and this effects whether they see it as a "revolution" or not. For example, Lewis Mumford (1971) suggests that its origins are in fact in the Middle Ages with the printing press as an archetype for modern industrialization. The monasteries that had kept learning alive after the Romans also insisted upon a regularized timetable throughout the day, again, according to Mumford, a precursor of the Industrial Revolution's factories. ... They see it as stemming from post Civil War changes in Britain in which national borders were meaningful and so the spread of disease through population movements was limited (Cipolla, 1994). This in turn led to a lowering of infant mortality and an increase in population. A larger population was an essential precursor to industrialization as it required both a big workforce and an adequate market size for its goods. Cipolla also suggests that the agricultural revolution in Britain, with the enclosure of land and more efficient food production techniques, led to labor being forced into cities. This growth in cities provided the workforce and market in which the industrial revolution could occur. However, the actual period of industrial change within England (which spread to the rest of the world within decades) did occur in a relatively short period between 1780-1830. While the factors suggested by the authors already discussed were important catalysts the actual period of change was very rapid and created conditions in which technology developed on an almost yearly basis. One of the most important aspects of this change was the sheer number of inventions and industrial developments that occurred in a very short period of time and within a concentrated geographical area. England is a very small country by most standards, being 200 miles at its broadest and only about 400 miles long. When an invention appeared in one place it was easy for it to be transported to another and to influence developments there. The Industrial Revolution can be characterized as a period of intense cross-fertilization of ideas, industrial developments and changes. Thomas Watt's steam engine led to mechanized machines.

Psychological and Ethical Egoism Essay Example for Free

Psychological and Ethical Egoism Essay Egoism is a general term for the acknowledgement of human self-interest as a basis of action. There are several proponents of this theory. Basically it is a philosophical notion that was popularized by Hobbes. Whatever action that an individual would take is pursuant of his/her own self. This theory has famously been separated into two types. The first one is ethical egoism and the second is called psychological egoism. Ethical egoism talks about morality as the basis of action in order to uplift the person himself, while psychological egoism states that all of our actions are basically rooted on self-interest. Accordingly, psychological egoism is devised out of observation of common human behavior. A clear demarcation between the two lies on its structure, Ethical egoism is more prescriptive. On the other hand, Psychological egoism is descriptive or observational (Rachels, 2003). The Fallacy in Psychological Egoism Although Psychological egoism seems to be perfectly valid, it was widely refuted with respect to the fallacies that it had committed. One of the fallacies that can be found in the principles of psychological egoism, upon critical examination, would be the fallacy of â€Å"hasty generalization or converse accident†. According to some critics, the fallacy was rooted on confirming that indeed all human acts are self-interested due to the different instances that prove otherwise. This includes the fact that most people do actions that would damage or harm themselves such as smoking, self-mutilation and sometimes suicide. Also there are several altruistic behaviors that do not really come from self-interest. There are other things or notions such as conscience which also have an effect on ones action. If those who supports psychological egoism would argue that all actions whether it be an act of conscience or an act that hurts oneself is also form of psychological egoism in itself, then there are no actions whatsoever that is not a form of psychological egoism (Rachels, 2003). Thus, it will result to a fallacy of tautology. It cannot be verified or established if an action is indeed a form of psychological egoism because there are no other actions aside from a psychologically egoistic act. Two Sides of Ethical Egoism The weak version of ethical egoism takes on the side of the probability of altruistic behavior. However, they have specified that although they acknowledge that the person does benevolent actions, nevertheless, they maintain that the action is still in accordance to or made with respect to the individuals own interest. One would like to do good because doing good makes him/her feels good. The strong version denies the presence of altruistic behavior. It asserts that in any circumstances, the individual would act in accordance to his/her self-interest despite the fact that it is in the form of benevolence. (Lander University, 2006) Major Similarities and Their Differnces Thus, as presented above, ethical egoism differs from psychological egoism in the sense that ethical egoist incorporates morality as a basis for human actions. It expresses the human self-interest in the sense of the goodness or the rightness of the act. Psychological egoism, do not try to tell us what we should do, but instead states that whatever actions that we have is basically an expression of our self-interest, the individual does not need to be moral or does not have to subscribe to morality (Rachels, 2003). Motivations In ethical egoism, the motivation lies on the persons desires to do or aspire for something good or right. This is applicable when one is acting in able to help other people because it is in his nature to do so, as explained by David Hume. On the other hand, in psychological egoism, the motivation rest on the persons or individuals preference for self-interest. Psychologically egoistic behavior can best be interpreted when the individual is doing something in exchange of something that would benefit or would be in reference to his/her personal interest. Largely, those actions that are psychologically egoistic are selfish acts while those that fall under the ethical egoist are actions from self-interest. (Mosley, 2006) Selfishness versus Self-interest Selfishness is manifested through personal advantages, mostly sacrificing others in favor of ones own self. Self-interest is promoting ones interest either for the benefit of himself or of other people as well. Self-interest differs from selfishness in the sense that self-interest does not necessarily points toward selfishness because certain actions that would benefit one or would comprise self-interest may actually be altruistic actions. There are instances wherein you have to be helpful to other people in order for you to proceed towards your egoistic goals. Also there are some actions whether it is for oneself or for the sake of others that are not relevant basis in suggesting that it is selfish act or a self-interested act. For instance there were actions such as eating or drinking that can be classified as either a form of selfishness or a form of self-interest. As presented, the major key in understanding the points and relevance of each position lies on the individuals understanding of the term selfishness and acting for or out of self-interest. (Mosley, 2003) Reference http://philosophy.lander.edu/ethics/egoism.html

The Importance of a Role Model in The Adventures of Huckberry Finn by M

â€Å"The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me† (Twain 1). The role of a parent is important in a person’s life, as they learn the acceptable way to live their lives, and even how to act spiritually. As people begin to grow up, they remember the traits and guidelines given by their guardians, and use them to establish their own beliefs and shape their actions. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain exemplifies the influence of morals and religion that the Widow Douglas teaches young Huck and he returns to throughout the novel. Mark Twain begins by describing Huck staying in the Widow’s home and conforming to the social norm of civilized behavior he says he â€Å"was getting sort of used to the widow’s ways, too, and they warn’t so raspy on me† (Twain 19). Huckleberry is beginning to appreciate the lifestyle of the widow. He begins to like his education, and the love that he receives from the woman. He learns how to be a more respectable human being as he sees the goodness of the Widow’s ways, but as the good characteristics begin to appear they are hindered by the maleficent aspects of his poor initial upbringing. Huck recounts "Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the Widow to let me. But she wouldn't. She said it was a mean practice and wasn't clean, and I must try to not do it anymore" (Twain 2). The Widow passively attempts to control Huck and force him to conform to the society that he has been attempting to avoid by sneaking away. The idea of smoking represen ts all the things that Huck use to do in his old life, however the things that are comfortable to Huck are not accepted by the world, and society endeavors to remove the controversial subject or make it change to fit... ...shows that the boy wishes to be accepted into the religion of the Widow and will do things to help him reach the next life. Huckleberry also remembers that the good people help even the criminals and that he should try to help all sorts of people who are in need. The Widow’s teachings of Christianity have a lasting affect on Huckleberry Finn as he tries to live his life according to the rules he was given and experiences the impact of prayer. The Importance of Widow in Mark Twain’s novel is shown as Huck Finn experiences the rules and spiritual guidelines the widow has taught him, and they impact his actions in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. People often use the morals they remember from the role models they had when growing up. But, however people remember the teachings of their role models, ultimately they are free to make their own decisions in their lives. The Importance of a Role Model in The Adventures of Huckberry Finn by M â€Å"The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me† (Twain 1). The role of a parent is important in a person’s life, as they learn the acceptable way to live their lives, and even how to act spiritually. As people begin to grow up, they remember the traits and guidelines given by their guardians, and use them to establish their own beliefs and shape their actions. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain exemplifies the influence of morals and religion that the Widow Douglas teaches young Huck and he returns to throughout the novel. Mark Twain begins by describing Huck staying in the Widow’s home and conforming to the social norm of civilized behavior he says he â€Å"was getting sort of used to the widow’s ways, too, and they warn’t so raspy on me† (Twain 19). Huckleberry is beginning to appreciate the lifestyle of the widow. He begins to like his education, and the love that he receives from the woman. He learns how to be a more respectable human being as he sees the goodness of the Widow’s ways, but as the good characteristics begin to appear they are hindered by the maleficent aspects of his poor initial upbringing. Huck recounts "Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the Widow to let me. But she wouldn't. She said it was a mean practice and wasn't clean, and I must try to not do it anymore" (Twain 2). The Widow passively attempts to control Huck and force him to conform to the society that he has been attempting to avoid by sneaking away. The idea of smoking represen ts all the things that Huck use to do in his old life, however the things that are comfortable to Huck are not accepted by the world, and society endeavors to remove the controversial subject or make it change to fit... ...shows that the boy wishes to be accepted into the religion of the Widow and will do things to help him reach the next life. Huckleberry also remembers that the good people help even the criminals and that he should try to help all sorts of people who are in need. The Widow’s teachings of Christianity have a lasting affect on Huckleberry Finn as he tries to live his life according to the rules he was given and experiences the impact of prayer. The Importance of Widow in Mark Twain’s novel is shown as Huck Finn experiences the rules and spiritual guidelines the widow has taught him, and they impact his actions in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. People often use the morals they remember from the role models they had when growing up. But, however people remember the teachings of their role models, ultimately they are free to make their own decisions in their lives.

Flowers, herbs and willows Essay

Also, the fact that Shakespeare did not add any stage directions to the play helps the director portray the protagonists in the light they see fit. This has granted directors the licence to portray Ophelia as either virginal or sexually knowledgeable. Brannagh uses the device of flashbacks to perfectly show his audience that he sees Ophelia as being less than innocent and that she and Hamlet have previously been sexually active. He does this without taking anything away from the script and gets his point across using a dialogue-less scene. However in the most recent silver screen version of Hamlet directed by Michael Almereyda, Ophelia is portrayed as being virginal and innocent as no sexual references appear during the film. This shows how different the character of Ophelia can b portrayed, almost as they were two separate individuals. The lack of stage directions not only makes it simpler for directors to portray her the way they want, but also for the audience, as they don’t have to decide whether she was innocent or not for themselves, but have it done for them. The third interpretation of Ophelia is that if her being sexually active. The scenes in which she goes mad strongly suggest her sexual knowledge comes from her own experiences with Hamlet, as she acts in a sexual manner. The songs she sings during her madness are also of a sexual nature, which further points to her being sexually active. There is evidence of sexual activity in Branagh’s production, during the previously mentioned flashback scenes. Richard Corum also supports the view that she was sexually active, however Shakespeare never states whether she was a virgin or not Her conversation with Hamlet in act3 scene2 strongly suggest that she and hamlet have had sexual relations, â€Å"you are keen, my lord, you are keen†. The keenness may be that of his sexual lust and she teases him by pointing it out. However much this may point towards the idea that they both have had sexual relations, Shakespeare still never specifically says whether she is a virgin or not. Richard Corum investigates the symbolism and significance of the â€Å"flowers, herbs and willows, † that Ophelia talks off in chapter nine. Corum implies that through the flower imagery that Ophelia uses, it is undoubtedly obvious that she is not innocent. The flowers symbolize Ophelia’s wishes to regain her lost purity and to once again become an ‘innocent flower’. The â€Å"fennel† that is mentioned represents the â€Å"fickleness of love†. Folklore of the time also suggests that fennel and rue were â€Å"abortion-inducing agents†. The willow which Ophelia was holding when she was found dead, was also thought to hold the same properties, which means that Ophelia attempted to abort a pregnancy before the died. Furthermore, the term â€Å"flowers† was used at the time as a term for menstruation, which suggests that Ophelia’s â€Å"interest in rosemary† was a way of her trying to tell herself that her menstruation cycle continued as is normal, meaning she was trying to convincer herself that she was not pregnant. Corum also states that rue supposedly made men impotent and that in handing it to Hamlet, Ophelia was trying to prevent a â€Å"situation that is now perhaps unpreventable† Corum’s examination of the flowers in Act 4, Scene 5, seems to be viable. This is mainly due to his study being based on folklore that existed in Shakespearean times. The ideas themselves are plausible as they clearly fit into the character of Ophelia and can be related credibly to her apparent affair with Hamlet. Instead of outright stating Ophelia’s sexual knowledge Shakespeare uses this symbolism and imagery as subtle undertones to incorporate the idea of her sexual exploits. Shakespeare has always had strong-minded female protagonists in his plays, which means that the assertion that Ophelia is a character of considerable aptitude is not a new phenomenon. Lady Macbeth for example is the driving force behind her husband’s ambition and influenced him to kill the king. Juliet is another astute and determined character despite her young age, her character proves that women can challenge the authority of the men, as she does with her father by marrying Romeo. Taking the conception of Ophelia being a strong minded and autonomous character would by no means be extreme, as the examples I have given surely provide enough evidence that Shakespeare has presented female characters as being of a significant standing.

IELTS Tests

Task 1:Â  The bar chart below shows the percentage participation of men in senior development in three companies between 1980 and the year 2010. Summarize the information by selecting and report in the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 wordsThe diagram illustrates the changes in proportion of male seniors in three giants including IBM, Microsoft and Apple over 30 years from 1980 to 2010. In sum, the three firms experienced an upward trend in terms of this indicator. Originally, in 1980, IBM had only approximately 2% of senior positions occupied by men with no significant change in the next 5 years. Afterwards, this number surged to over 10% in 1990 and 26% in 1995, surpassing that of 2 other companies. In 2000, the percentageaugmented reaching over 30% and even doubled exceeding 60% in only 5 years later.Therefore, IBM obtained the highest enhancing pace in hiring males for senior levels. Regarding Microsoft, the period from 1980 to 2000 witnesse d a gradual increase in men involvement percentage in senior positions from roughly 7% to approximately 17%. Nonetheless, the statistic noticeably soared to nearly 45% in 2000. Last to be mentioned, in 1980, there were 15% of Apple high positions taken in charge by males. This was followed by a light fluctuation during 20 years and finally ended at about 25% in 2010.This conversion turned Apple into the company having the lowest man participation in senior board comparing to IBM and Microsoft.Task 2: Some people think that everyone has the right to use freshwater as much as they want; some others believe that freshwater should be tightly controlled by governments worldwide because it is a limited resource. Discuss both views and give your opinion.It is popular that water creates creature. Nevertheless, the essential and priceless freshwater sources are being vanished due to the humans’ massive use. This fact has lead to a discussion that whether water sources should be libera lly accessed or put under strict control of authorities. To begin with, as water touches every parts of our daily life, protecting and conserving it should be among country’s top priorities. The government is able to determine fresh water network manage to distribute clean water effectively to the community.Additionally, the government can allocate an adequate quantity of water to individuals to ensure human and ecological health. This can help us to prevent water shortage and its tragic consequences. Furthermore, authorities can guarantee the water quality and reassure citizens especially to avoid the influence of environmental pollutants and contamination worries.On contrary, it is also argued that everyone and all animals have equal chance to take advantage of Earth natural resources including water. This also plays a crucial role in forming the base for a modern and advanced society. Moreover, restrictions on consuming water can result in the unavailability of this resour ce to underprivileged people as the corruption and the despoliation. The situation may be worse since water dispute can threaten national or world wide security.For what has been mentioned, I agree that regarding water as a national security issue can help to protect the resources. Nonetheless, it is critical that law and policies are fair and assure individuals’ basic right. Besides, communities should come together to promote awareness of water reservation.

General Environment Analysis for Hsbc in Mainland China Essays

General Environment Analysis for Hsbc in Mainland China Essays General Environment Analysis for Hsbc in Mainland China Essay General Environment Analysis for Hsbc in Mainland China Essay Economy -We know the high velocity of China’s turning economic system. With the development of the economic system in China. Chinese customers’ ingestion power has been traveling up. More people are accepting the ingestion ways such as recognition card and installment program. -Not merely persons. little and average sized endeavors play important functions in China’s economic system. Since China’s reform and open-door policy. immense sum of little and average sized endeavors come out. They demand capital and it is comparatively harder for them to acquire it so they rely more on Bankss. Demography Middle Class in China is turning and they own stronger purchase ability and at the same clip they got the sense of investing. : Political/ Legal Since come ining the WTO and in December 2006. China officially opened the banking industry to the universe. which means that foreign Bankss are able to carry on RMB concern in China. However. every move of the foreign Bankss are regulated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. For illustration. the loan-to-deposit ratio must be purely controlled within 75 % . Therefore. how to fulfill this figure and how to cover with the numerator and denominator are what HSBC needs to take into consideration. Technological The development of Internet has led to the prosperity of e-commerce. HSBC might see collaborating with such related companies like some online shops and payment platforms to spread out the retail concern. Global The devastation of the fiscal crisis on the planetary economic system had in peculiar impact on the parent bank of HSBC. and this has necessarily affected the subordinates in China. Sociocultural Traditionally. Chinese people prefer salvaging than puting. As for investing. people prefer low-risk fiscal merchandises. Low-risk with high-return investing merchandises will be the one sort people pursue.

Metre, Meter, and Mete

Metre, Meter, and Mete Metre, Meter, and Mete Metre, Meter, and Mete By Maeve Maddox Numerous readers wrote to correct me regarding the following entry in my post about commonly confused words that begin with M: 5. meter / metre Both words are nouns. A  meter  is a measuring device, like a gas meter.  Metre  is a metric unit or a type of rhythm in verse. American speakers wrote to point out that the standard US spelling for the metric unit is meter, never metre. Speakers from the UK and Canada wrote to tell me that they never have occasion to write meter, only metre. So, how inaccurate is my meter/metre entry? Regarding standard British usage, it is completely accurate. Regarding standard American usage, it fails on two counts: 1. It fails to mention that meter is the standard US spelling for the metric unit. 2. It does not mention the fact that meter has also become acceptable US spelling for the word that refers to the rhythmic structure of a verse. Apologies to my American readers are therefore in order. Meter, it is, for all three meanings. As for devices that measure such things as gas and electricity, the spelling meter is standard in British usage. Both words, metre and meter, have their remote origins in an Indo-European word for measure. The English word metre in the sense of poetic rhythm was already in use during the Old English period. The original Latin word, metrum, could mean â€Å"poetic measure† or â€Å"a vessel or other object used for measuring.† The word metre in the sense of â€Å"a metric unit† entered English from French mà ¨tre in 1797, two years after the metric system was formally defined in French law.    The noun meter in the sense of â€Å"a mechanical measuring device† was introduced in the nineteenth century by the inventor of a gas meter. His use of the word had nothing to do with metre in either the sense of poetic rhythm or the metric system. The meter in â€Å"gas meter† derives from the English verb to mete (â€Å"to measure†), a verb that has existed in English since Old English times. Before the inventor used meter in the context of his mechanism, the occupational term meter existed for a person whose job was to measure things. The verb mete survives in current usage with the meanings â€Å"to apportion† or â€Å"to deal out.† It is usually used with the particle out. Here are examples of recent usage: Pfeffer says powerful people do certain things to advance their own agendas. One of these is to mete out resources. The criticism  meted out  by the press is always the first thing that people hear.    The Government is planning to bolster her impact by granting her the ability to mete out financial penalties. A new way to mete out discipline in schools? Kurds Likely to Mete Out Severe Justice The following use of mete in the King James translation of the Bible may be the reason that the verb is often associated with justice and punishment: For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged; and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.- Matthew 7:2. Bottom line American usage recognizes the spelling meter for the metric unit, the rhythmic structure, and the measuring apparatus. British usage recognizes two spellings: metre for verse and metric units; meter for an apparatus that automatically measures the quantity of something passing through it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with Heart7 Patterns of Sentence StructureHow to Style Legislative Terms

Personel Recruitment and Selection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personel Recruitment and Selection - Assignment Example Most often the clarity in the job scope and the requirement visualized by the immediate Manager might not match with the final draft that goes for recruitment. It is critical that this is paid adequate attention. 'Recruitment is the process of identifying that the organisation needs to employ someone up to the point at which application forms for the post have arrived at the organisation' (MBA Publishing 2005). Defining the job requirements and the nature of person who will fit into it is the first level of work that has to be carried out. The date on which the resource is required and the nature of responsibilities that the person needs to take over are to be clearly defined. Based on the requirement specification detailed recruitment documentation is done. In the HR department similar requirements from various sources are pooled together and a common recruitment is done. Based on the recruitment documents an acceptable time scale is fixed for recruitment and selection. In line with the recruitment specifications, either the standard application form or a specific format that fits into the needs of the current situation is created along with the promotion. Once these documents are cleared a comprehensive document for advertising or any other media for recruitment is used. In response to the advertisement, applications are received from the respondents to the advertisement. These applications are then processed using the selection criterion. The important exercise in the recruitment is fixing the needs and the specifications for the job. If this is not in order, the entire process could lead to an unsatisfactory situation. The documentation will also specify the initial short listing criteria for the applications and other selection criteria that would help in filtering and identifying the candidates for the position required. Selection Process The selection process starts with the applications that are received. Initial short listing conditions as specified in the recruitment documentation are applied on the received applications. 'Selection then consists of the processes involved in choosing from applicants a suitable candidate to fill a post' (MBA Publishing 2003). In line with this process, the first level of filtering is done at the application level. Only those applicants who fit into the requirements and the initial screening conditions are then called for the interviews. The interviews are conducted as per the specifications already laid down in the recruitment document. This would ensure that the requirements of the job position are met. The interview will be conducted by forming the right kind of interviewing committee who would have to ensure that the requirements are met and the person selected has the right kind of technical and personnel skills. Interviews are used to check whether the candidate meets the requirements of the specifications document; to cross check whether the person is what he claims to be and the nature of the person and his attitude towards work. In addition to these, it is also important that if he does not match the requirements of the Recruitment document, then in what way and what are the additional training that has to be provided so that

NIE National Intelligence Estimates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

NIE National Intelligence Estimates - Essay Example Summary This section of my paper will be a summary of the article â€Å"Intelligence Estimates: How Useful to Congress†.1 National Intelligence Estimates (NIE’s) entail the collection or analysis of trends that are difficult and extensive to understand. This complex, estimative analysis report explores Congress efforts, under the guise of oversight, which can dilute or distort the NIE so as not to be true and accurate assessments. The scope and political influences from a variety of sources can be a bone of contention between the intelligence communities (IC) and Congress. The article describes many historically compiled examples unraveling the limitations faced by the NIE processes. NIE typically tries to cull out estimations from quite broad and extensive conclusions. However, some of the processes involve a single agency and do not intend to divulge any specific sources owing to a sense of mistrust. Considering this reluctance on the part of an administration which h olds a specific policy, may end up in a â€Å"watering down† of the conclusions so as to avoid possible controversies. As a result, a skeptical Congress has, over time, become more demanding with its insistence and request for the completed analyses. This distrust has lead to multiple efforts to pass legislations which accrue more authority to the Congress. Examples include the constant alterations into the Defense Authorization Act and the approval processes for the associated agencies such as the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) Without question, the scope of discontent cited in the article includes the aftermath of Iraq’s WMD Program. The article reported the well documented problems with the IC that place a great reliance on limited information, thereby resulting in wrong conclusions. Again, the findings listed in the article mention a shift in the scope and direction of the new global threat of terrorism. The current and perceived threats faced by the U.S. encourage the passing of new polices like the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004. This act enunciated new guidelines that NIE must follow in the future to avoid the repetition of the mistakes made in the past. However, much terminology inherent in the language of the act is quite problematic and difficult to interpret. The article concludes with the ongoing oversights incumbent on the future NIEs so that they may better understand Iran’s Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The report conveys the importance of key judgments which are included in the 2007 NIE report. The report, â€Å"Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities†, highlights a shift which in a way oversimplifies a new narrative. These judgments were included by the Director of the DNI and placed in the ‘UNCLASSIFIED’ version .This new story line no way changes the importance or the goals of the NIE, except for suggesting some changes in the mechanisms resorted to while interacting with the public. Analysis Overview In this section, I will develop an analytical response to the article in which I will offer further historical and contextual possibilities that may exemplify how the Congressional processes could be harmful. Specifically, I will address the varied issues that can have a negative impact on the customer-analyst interaction. To understand this potential non-productive interaction, the NIE has engaged in a series of collaborations

Logistic assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Logistic assignment - Essay Example In future, the group plans to get into the process of higher levels of difficulties. According to the plan, with prior approval of umpire, the company plans to move into level two and then level three. The strategy has both strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of the strategy undertaken by the company at present, is that the company is involved in producing the standardised model. It means the methodologies involved are relatively simpler. So, the production is higher. Also, the cost of holding is comparatively lesser and there are no such wastage of resources for reworks, machine down times and scrap. The cost of labour is much lower in the present level of difficulty. Also, it is found that the semi fixed costs are also lower in the first level of difficulty. As the products are standardised, the demand of the products are also higher by almost double. Apart from the strengths, there are also many weaknesses related with the present strategy. As the present strategy caters to the standard model of products, the market is getting to be extinct sooner or later. Therefore, the company have to diversify into advanced models. Also, in the present strategy, the production capacity is lower. As there were both positives as well as negatives for the present strategy, the manufacturing group is moving towards the developed strategy which includes modern concepts like that of forecasting, scheduling and capacity. Forecasting – Though often thought to be alike and confused, forecasting is much different from goal. Forecasting is the way to predict the happenings in the future. Forecasting is part of the decision making mechanism of the company. The major implementation of the function of forecasting is that in the inventory control, requirements of manpower and the selection of capacity and the location of facility (Loerch, n.d.). It is good for the manufacturing group that it has incorporated forecasting with in the future

Globalization A Boon Or A Curse Developing Countries Economics Essay

Globalization A Boon Or A Curse Developing Countries Economics Essay What is Globalization? At an economic level Globalization is the process denationalization of markets. In much simpler words it integration of an economy to the world economy. Globalization theoretically is an economic phenomenon, but it has its impact can be felt on all fields of human life. Also Globalisation has helped developed countries by bringing in opportunities for economic development. Globalization also has helped developing countries in gaining greater access to developed countrys technology and their markets. But globalisation has its own negative impacts and challenges. Growing inequality in within and across nations, environmental problems and volatility in financial market are some of the negative impacts of globalisation. What is it that differentiates between a developed country and a developing country? Terms like rich and poor, high income and low income, industrial and agricultural etc. are also being used. The attributes that differentiate a developed country from a developing country are infrastructural development, national income, quality of life, education and health. Many of the developing nations have a very huge national income but when it comes to Per capita income they are among the lowest. Because per capita income not only depends upon the national income but also the total population of the country. Unfortunately the main characteristic of any developing nation is that they have massive population. So countries are differentiated on the basis of their per capita income because it is more feasible and easy. At the top most level are the high income countries, with per capita incomes ranging from $10,000 to $30,000. These countries have well developed infrastructure, a large urban popul ation, an educated labour force. These countries are mature and are growing at a very slow pace. Included in this category are: United States, Canada, France, Germany, United Kingdom and other members of European Union and others in the Pacific, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. These advanced countries work together in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In the middle there is a wide range of developing countries in terms of the World Banks Terminology, Lower middle and Upper middle income countries. Countries having per capita income ranging from $10,000 to $1000 per year. Some of these countries are making huge development and slowly approaching maturity. Most of the Asian countries fall under this category including Korea, India, Indonesia and also some Latin American countries like Brazil, Argentina, Mexico etc. Most of the countries which fall under this category lack enough infrastructural facilities and education. Many of these countries are on the path of industrialization and most of them are labour intensive industries. On the other hand many of them still have large number of population living the rural areas where it is underdeveloped. Finally, there are the very poor countries, with per capita incomes of less than $755. Countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union that have been in the process of transition from Soviet-style command economies to the free market. These countries have substantial industries and had attained a middle income living standard. STANDPOINT PROPOSITION I feel that Globalization is without doubt a boon for the developing nation. It is considered to be one of the most successful prosperity and anti-poverty movement in modern era. With the help of Globalization developing countries are able to reap the benefits of current technology; which will result in production of better quality products. This doesnt mean that globalization does not have any negative effects. Globalization can also cause some serious problems like brain-drain, outsourcing, environmental issues etc. It also has an adverse effect on the local industries as they cannot compete against foreign multinational companies. But even if globalization has these negative impacts, it was a great opportunity for the developing nations to rise through increased foreign trade and Investments. Openness to trade, factor flows, ideas and information have powerfully stimulated progress, economic and political. Because of globalization the earth has become more flatter, faster and more fashionable. But there are people who believe that globalization can bring only harm to developing nations. They argue that globalization has been implemented in order to exploit the developing countries resources and labour force. But when we consider the gains or benefits of globalization we can find out that globalization has brought in more good than bad of the developing countries. ANNOTATION 1 Kotilainen, M., Kaitila, V. (2003).Economic Globalization in Developed Countries. Paper prepared for the Ministry Of Foreign Affairs, Finland. This paper analyses Economic Globalization from the point of view of the Developing countries. Also an analysis of Globalization in its different forms, with an focus on the economic impact on developing countries. The paper clearly defines Globalization and also elaborates on development and history of Globalization i.e. the Different Waves of Globalization. The Paper deals with economic impact of globalization on developing countries. The paper also discusses the development and history of Globalization. The World Bank classifies the development of Globalization as follows: The First wave of globalization: 1870 1914. The retreat into nationalism: 1914 1945, The second wave of globalization: 1945 1980, and The new wave of globalization: 1980 present. The paper has also explained in detail how Globalization affects the developing countries. Almost all the areas that can be affected by globalization have been included, they are as follows: Foreign Trade: Ultimate aim of every developing nation is to increase their exports. Developing countries specialise in the production of some goods and import others which help to lower cost. And import liberalisation facilitates this. Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) has forced developed countries to give preferential transaction with the developing nations. The concept of Everything but Arms is an example of further steps taken in liberalisation of import/export policy by the developed countries. In order for the developing countries to increase their foreign trade the developed countries should open up their economy. But there is one problem that the developing countries face that is the price of their products are typically very volatile in the world market. Developing countries have made significant growth in foreign within the past three decades. Foreign Direct Investment: Foreign Direct Investment is welcomed everywhere especially in developing countries, as it provides external resources in the form of capital that support the economic development of the developing country. Problem arises only if the government does not have any control over the its flow. The liberalisation policy taken up by countries has a direct impact on the FDI inflows. When we compare the countries in South Asia and East Africa, South African countries have more economic freedom, because its being liberalised than the other. So these countries attract more FDI inflows than their counterpart South Asia. From this we can understand Structural Reforms is an important factor in advancing economic growth. International Migration: The paper explains that the way developed countries view international migration is completely different from that of developing nation. In developing countries where population growth is fast and unemployment is high, where people cannot find job easily in their home country. This leads to more liberal migration policy in these countries. The ageing of the population in the developed countries will, however make the migration policy of the developed countries slightly more liberal in the future. Foreign Borrowing and Lending: The problem with developing countries is that they borrow too much from other countries and institutions. They prefer more debt relief than what has been agreed up on. According to the developed countries and financial institutions, there are mainly three problems that hinder lending: The immediate economic loss, the risk of moral hazard in borrowing over the longer term and the internal problem existing within the nation. In the future foreign borrowing will only take place if the developing countries have sufficient repayment capacity. Foreign Aid: The paper identifies foreign aid as an area which can be affected by globalization. Foreign aid consumes a major portion of a countrys development expenditure. The future of economic growth depends on the funds allocated and on the priorities of the developed countries. Macroeconomic Integration: International institutions like the IMF and the World Bank, are often criticised for limiting the sovereignty of policy makers in the developing countries. The lack of interdependence in macroeconomic policies is, a major characteristic of a globalised world. In order avoid macroeconomic instability the developing nations must liberalise their short-term capital movements. The Paper also discusses the other areas where globalization has some impact, they are: General politics, the Social structure, the labour market, social policy, education, culture, religion and the environment. In these fields, however, globalization does not necessarily determine a certain outcome. The paper clearly states that globalization is indeed a boon for developing countries. Globalization helps in foreign trade, attract foreign investment, international migration etc. The countries need to open up their economy in order to use the opportunity for the development of the economy. ANNOTATION 2 Stallings, B. (2000). Globalization and Liberalization: A View from the Developing. Prepared for U.N. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The paper mainly deals with the Macroeconomics of Globalization i.e. Trade and Finance. It also draws a distinction between Globalization and Liberalisation. The paper clearly identifies the quantitative importance and the qualitative characteristics of developing countries in the expanding trade and financial flows of the 1980s and 1990s. The author takes the example of Latin American countries to depict the effects of globalization on Developing countries. The paper summarizes both the advantages and disadvantages of being part of a globalized world and suggesting some ideas about how to emphasize the former while minimizing the latter. The paper explains how Globalization has influenced the imports and exports made by developing countries. In terms of world imports, developing countries share fell slightly during the 1980s and then started increasing steadily by the late 1990s. A similar situation was found with exports from developing countries to the world although the trend is more pronounced. It is also important to note that trade flows in general rose rapidly in this period, nearly tripling in nominal terms. Another way of thinking about the rising importance of trade is to look at trade as a share of countries own output, i.e., the change in export and import coefficients. The paper also discusses the effects of Globalization on Latin American countries. The main message that comes across is that globalization and liberalization have increased heterogeneity across countries, sectors, and types of firms. Some have been able to take advantage of new opportunities, while others have only encountered more obstacles. Especially large differences were found with respect to productivity, which may imply continued differentiation in the future. For countries that improved their performance, foreign capital played a major role. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in particular contributed to increased investment, both in tradeable and in the services sector. Trade Liberalisation and Privatisation also played a vital role in this drastic change. The paper also stresses that not all of these changes can be attributed to globalization. Liberalization, as reflected in domestic policy changes, was at least as important. The key point to emphasize is the close interrelationship between globalization and liberalization in determining performance outcomes, both faster growth and increased heterogeneity. Finally the paper discusses the Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization on the developing countries. One of the positive aspects is that there has been an additional amount of external finance available to developing countries. In addition, an increasing share of the new funds has consisted of foreign direct investment that is currently highly valued by the governments of most developing countries. Moreover, such investment tends to embody new technologies that increase the productivity and, thus, the competitiveness of developing countries. The argument is that capital markets may actually contribute to democracy by dismantling oligopolistic corporate structures in developing countries, and that the demand for additional information on the part of foreign investors (and the IMF) may increase private and public-sector transparency. The paper also identifies some serious problems that are being caused. One such problem is the increase in heterogeneity or polarization across regions and countries and also within countries (firms, regions, and groups of workers). Some who are much more able than others to take advantage of the new opportunities that globalization offer, which can lead to increased social and political conflicts and rejection of liberalization and globalization. Also the new capital flows have also brought some problems to Government in trying to manage their economies. Individual countries or regional groupings need to devise policies to protect themselves from the vagaries of international capital flows. The paper also suggests that policies are necessary to offset the polarization that is being exacerbated by global financial flows. These involve both social policies (especially education) and policies to assist firms that are being left behind in the increasingly competitive world. Controls on the entry of short-term capital flows during periods of strong international liquidity have proved useful in some cases. Also there is need for higher domestic savings in most developing countries to lower the need for external savings. Finally, policies are necessary to offset the polarization that is being exacerbated by global financial flows. ANNOTATION 3 Goyal, K. (2006).Impact of Globalization on Developing Countries (With Special Reference To India).   This paper explores the process of Globalization and Liberalization in developing countries. The paper explains in detail the effects of globalization on developing countries by taking the example of India, which is considered to be one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Most part of the paper discusses on how or what lead India to open up her economy and also the different impacts of globalization. India opened up the economy as an attempt to climb out of a major financial crisis which led to a foreign exchange crunch that nearly took India to situation where it could not pay off its debt. India responded to this by initiating number of Domestic and foreign policies which was formulated to tackle the short-term as well as long-term problems. Major Reform measures that were taken as a step towards Globalization are as follows: In July 1991 India was under a major financial crisis, the foreign currency reserves had plummeted to almost $1 Billion; Inflation rose to an annual rate of 17 percent; fiscal deficit was very high; foreign investors and NRIs had lost confidence in Indian Economy. India was not the only country that initiated these policies, many countries underwent the same changes at the very same time; most of them where countries of South East Asia, Latin America, Western and Eastern Europe. These economic changes initiated by these countries were inevitable as it was their last resort. Major policies brought in as part of liberalisation and globalisation was: Devaluation of currency, Disinvestment, Allowing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Removal of quantitative restriction on imports, Reduction in import/export tariffs and wide range of financial sector reforms. The paper also discusses on Impacts of Globalization on Developing countries especially India. Globalization has intensified interdependence and competition between economies in the world market. These economic reforms have yielded the following significant benefits: Indian economy greatly benefited from the process of globalization. Indias annual growth rate was just 3% in the 1970s which was far less than that of Brazil, Korea and Mexico. Also Indias average growth rate doubled in eighties to around 5.9% which was still lower than many of the developing countries. Globalization helped in increasing the growth rate substantially and also improves Indias position globally. These are some notable changes due to globalization: Foreign Direct Investment: FDI soared from around US$100 million in 1991 to USD around 5536 million in 2004-5. Foreign Trade (Export Import): There was increase was substantial increase in the amount of imports made by India; i.e. from USD $79 in 2003 to USD$107. Not only imports exports also increased by around 24% as compared to previous years. Oil imports rose by 19 percent with the import bill being US $ 29.08 billion against USD 20.59 billion in the corresponding period last year. Non-oil imports during 2004-05 are estimated at USD 77.036 billion, which is 33.62 percent higher than previous years imports of US $ 57.651 billion in 2003-04. Thus we can find out that the economic reforms in the Indian economy initiated since July 1991 has brought about significant changes in Indian economy like greater investment, higher growth rate, increase in foreign exchange reserve and technological development. This has helped the Indian economy to grow at a much faster pace. A Comparison with Other Developing Countries When it comes to global trade There has been increase in merchandise export made by India; i.e. from .05% to .07% over the past 20 years. At the same period Chinas share has tripled to almost 4%. Indias share of global trade is similar to that of the Philippines an economy that is 6 times smaller IMF Over the past decade FDI flows into India have averaged around 0.5% of GDP against 5% for China and 5.5% for Brazil. FDI inflows to China now exceed US $ 50 billion annually. It is only US $ 4billion in the case of India. Even though the paper concentrates mainly on the impact of globalisation on India, the story is somewhat same for other developing countries as well. Countries like Brazil, China, and Philippines have all gone through the same situation what India has experienced. According to various studies made by economic experts India and China will rule the 21st Century. And also India is the fourth largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, and may even overtake Japan within 10 years. ANNOTATION 4 Mostert, J. (2003). The Impact of Globalisation on Developing Countries.  Prepared forESSA conference The paper deals with some of the main issue of globalization with respect to developing countries like impact of globalization on unemployment, distribution of income and also the sovereignty of the nation. The high integration of the world economy provides ample opportunities for developing nation to grow and prosper, increase their standard of living but there are some risks associated with the process of globalization. The paper also gives an insight on difference between Globalization and Regionalisation. Regionalisation is integration of different countries of a similar region. Regionalisation is somewhat similar to Economic integration. Globalisation is indeed an extension of regionalisation as it integrates not only countries of a particular region but also the different regional blocks. Impact of Globalization on World Trade According to the paper globalization process not only increased the wealth of developed country but also decreased the poverty level of developing nations. The improvement in economic growth in the Asian countries led to a reduction in the skewed distribution of income between developed and developing countries. Despite all this positive impact many countries who are not a part of international trade are still in poverty, so it is a major challenge to incorporate these countries into the international trade system. According to the paper mainly 3 regional blocks dominate the global economy; they are responsible for more than 43% of the total global transactions and around 57% of portfolio transactions. A conclusion can be drawn that the developing countries neednt get the expected advantage from the process of globalization. The impact of globalisation on the international distribution of income The paper argues that the worldwide distribution in income is still very skewed. The income gap between the countries has increased substantially since 1960 . The article states that the average GDP growth made by developed countries is much higher than that of developing nations. According to IMF when the income of richest part of the worlds population increased 6 times from 1900 to 2000; the increase in income of poorest part of the worlds population was just 3%, during the same period. According to the paper thirty developed nations that actively took part in the process of globalisation grew by 3.5% in the eighties and 5 % in the nineties. And those countries which did not actively take part in the international trading system did not realize any significant gains. Their growth was only marginal compared to those countries which actively took part in Globalization. There was in increase in level of world production and also global trade even if globalisation resulted in more skewed distribution of income between nations. The shift to integrated economy and world market provided ample opportunities for developing countries for economic growth and got chance to improve their standard of living. The impact of globalisation on unemployment The main argument that is raised by people who oppose globalization is that; globalization will lead to increased unemployment in the developing countries. Because of low wages in the developing countries they started exporting jobs to the developed countries. And when there is technological development the demand for low skilled employees will decrease. According to the IMF there has been increased unemployment because of the fact that developing nations are becoming more service oriented where there is very less demand for low skilled workers. The paper also discusses about impact of globalization on wages and labour standards. According to the author the process of globalization will lead to race to the bottom, which is resulted because countries will try and improve their competiveness by lowering wages, taxes and regulations. The author also suggest that the developing countries should improve their competitive wages as this will lead to debate on labour standards that can lead the way to the reduction of the participation of developing countries in the world economy. ANNOTATION 5 Pinelopi, K. G., Pavcnik, N. (2006).Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries. Prepared for National Science Foundation This paper mainly concentrates on Globalization and Challenges for developing countries. The paper argues that there are several key and interrelated elements to globalization and that the future gains will derive from the degree to which countries are willing to embrace them together rather than in a sequenced fashion. The rising flow of trade and capital has heightened the sense of vulnerability. Now production and trade is hugely dominated by transnational which use globalization to their advantage. The developing countries need to use trade to promote development. Trade enlarges the market for domestic producers, allows them to reap scale economies and force them to develop new technologies for production. Export earnings also loosen foreign exchange constraints on the economy thereby helping in expansion of other sectors. Developing countries needs to take initiative in launching new trade negotiations which could draw them into the mainstream of globalization. The danger is that if there is no initiative, the benefits of globalization will continued to be monopolized by few countries. Another major facet of globalization is the vast increase in capital flows. These flows have become a major source of investment, a route for technology transfer and an accelerator to financial deepening. The government need to formulate policies in order to control the cash flows. The paper also discusses the role of migration during the process of globalization. During the first phase of globalization, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, long distance migration paralleled trade and capital flows. In some countries, the desire on the part of young people to emigrate is the principal incentive to acquire useful skills and serves to maintain standards in segments of the educational system. In order to benefit the long-term benefits from migration countries must not only participate in the making of international institutions to manage and facilitate labour mobility but they also need to see migration as part of a larger process of opening and integrating their economies. The paper also suggests that globalization has facilitated technology transfer. Technological change has proceeded slowly in developing countries for a variety reasons. This is a major reason for slow growth and the widening gap in incomes between rich and poor countries. The blame is placed on the weaknesses of skills, the educational system, incentives, research facilities, the business culture and traditions influencing the quest for new knowledge. Adopting new technologies and pushing outward the technology frontier requires a capable research and extension infrastructure and the active involvement of the business sector. Few of the low income countries have made much headway in utilizing or extending agricultural technology by creating high quality, competitive and commercially oriented research entities. The author believes that even if globalization has the following advantages it can never be seen as the ultimate solution for development. Everything requires discipline and checks limit the negative impacts of globalization. Developing countries need to engage in active negotiations so as to integrate with the international economy on terms which will give them the best possible trading opportunities in commodities in which the enjoy comparative advantages and promise the desired level of food security ESSAY Different people have different views about Globalization, some say that globalization is a beneficial process and some who are against globalisation believe that it will only be beneficial to a specific group of countries. The essay tries to explain how globalization can affect the developing countries. Developing countries are also known as emerging economies or countries on the path to development. This essay mainly discusses about the impacts Globalization on developing nations. Globalization is an opportunity and not a threat to developing countries. The impacts of globalization can have direct or indirect effect; it is so far- reaching that nothing is being left out. Globalization has resulted in an explosive expansion in world trade. The economic integration of countries such as India, joined by China, other South-East countries, also Latin American countries has resulted in the widespread expansion of international trade. It just took 10 years for China to double its per capita income. Countries like France, Germany, and Britain took around 50 years to achieve just. The rapid expansion of foreign trade made by developing countries generated a demand for resources and energy. The so called emerging countries consume about 50% of global energy production. Emerging manufacturers have also specialised in building highly technical products that compete effectively in world markets. Around 50% of computers produced come from China. The developed countries are now in enormous pressure to compete by developing new product and methods of production to sustain them in the International market. This doesnt mean that globalisation do not have any negative impacts on developing countries. Globalization can have adverse effect on domestic industries. Domestic industries will be under mounting pressure in order to comply with international completion; their rates of unemployment may even rise. The government can play a vital role in minimising the impact on domestic industries by formulating policies and laws. The labour market is under a great deal of pressure due to globalization and requires constant adjustments and changes. Due to the abundance of low cost labour there is rising difference in personal incomes. Eve though there is unfavourable employment conditions in many developing countries; it is not because of the fact that there is a great deal of pressure on the unskilled work force due to globalization. And also advancement in the area of technology is another cause for lower demand for unskilled workers. Globalization has forced different nations to lift the migration barriers. In Europe, the European Union has opened the gates to millions of workers from formerly communist countries where labour productivity was low. Their migration usually improves working conditions in the countries. Workers should consider globalization as an opportunity to acquire knowledge in order to compete in the global economy where they have to meet global standards. Countries are now trying to concentrate on developing education and health in order to improve the quality of work force. One of the major challenges of globalization would be to integrate all sectors and countries that do not participate in the globalization process. But not all countries, sectors, or firms have access to global financial markets and services or can take advantage of the benefits induced by globalization. Conclusively, may it be developed or a developing country, Globalization can work for all. But it is not an easy task. The negative impact of globalization can be minimized by constant adjustment and control measures. Globalization is considered to be a great opportunity to prosper and develop in the internationalised world economy. Problems like inequality in income, uneven development, and outsourcing can all be controlled by proper policy actions.